Obesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay - 972 Words

An Overweight Society Obesity is an elaborately negative condition with behavioral, social, cultural, and environmental influences. The United States is know for being â€Å"one of the fattest nations on the planet, with a third of the country considered dangerously overweight.† (â€Å"Americans’ New Way†) The leading causes of high rates of obesity in the United States is improper nutrition, excessive stress and increase of sedentary lifestyles. Improper nutrition greatly escalates the risks for obesity and it also increases the risks for other diseases, such as; heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and many cancers. The American Cancer Society, estimates that 35 percent of cancer risks are related to nutritional factors. (Corbin et al) Considering the possibility of detrimental effects, from poor nutritional diets, why is a third of all Americans still not striving to make healthier choices? Surprisingly, a multiplicity of people in th e U.S. agree that proper nutrition is important but, find it extremely difficult to maintain a healthy diet in our modern society. Maintaining a healthy diet is increasingly more difficult today because foods are being developed, marketed and advertised for convenience and taste, rather than for nutritional quality. (Corbin, et al) Thankfully, with the help of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Health, Americans still have a chance to fight against the inedible: obese and overweight lifestyle. The USDA published aShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdestructive can effects of obesity be. First of all what is an obesity? Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual s ideal body weight. It is a very serious problem and is becoming very dangerous in today’s world. Obesity is now considered to be the second most preventable death in America, with tobacco being the first. As use of tobacco rates continues to decline, the obesity rates continue to rise. With that being said, death numbers of obesity are goingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity970 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is the buildup of excess body fat, caused by the ingestion of more food than the body can use in which the extra calories are stored as fat. Obesity is measured by taking BMI, or body mass index of the person which is their height and weight and putting it into a formula. As stated by The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, â€Å"A BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 equates with overweight and 30.0 and above with obesity. Morbid obesity (also known as extreme, or severe, obesity) is defined as a BMI ofRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1692 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Obesity in America is a health issue which needs to be addressed, but many do not realize that obesity is an issue that needs to be addressed in more ways than one.   Because Americans are not knowledgeable in the issue of obesity, many in society view obese people as unhealthy and irresponsible and treat them with disrespect.   How to overcome and prevent obesity, its causes, and different treatments are all ways that obesity needs to be addressed; however, the disrespect towards those who are obeseRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1068 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has been around for several thousands of years but hasn’t always been a serious epidemic. A higher amount of fat or stored energy used to mean a greater chance at surviving a famine, but those times are long gone in the industrialized world. As time has progressed, we’ve see an exponential growth in obesity rates despite our best efforts to slow it down. In order to contain and eventually decrease obesity rates, we would first need to know what fuels this powerful monster of the westernRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesactually leading to an unhealthy lifestyle which is known as obesity. IV. Obesity is a condition of human body that is not as desirable Body Mass Index (BMI) due to accumulation of excess body fat in the blood vessels. A. According to Gary D. Foster, author of the article Primary Physicians’ Attitudes about Obesity and it’s Treatment ,this disease become epidemic in the society and not being solved as the patients’ fears to treat obesity is mainly due to their negative approaches towards this problemRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1554 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity is a condition that is characterized by excess body weight due to the overconsumption of calories in relation to the calorie loss. There are however other associated causes of obesity that have been identified by the scholars and the variables involved in the trend of this condition have a significant correlation. Different tools have been implemented overtime in the management of obesity to mitigate the short term and the long-term effects that result from this conditionRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesRecent years health experts have been warning people to control their weight and adopt a healthier lifestyle.Over time obesity is a still problem with our society today also, its rates have tripled especially in America.It is obvious we are losing the battle against obesity. Combating obesity and its numerous illnesses will not require more drugs to lower cholesterol, diet books. It will require rethinking our environment.Other measures need to be taken to tackle this international epidemic. AddressingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1612 Words   |  7 PagesApproximately 17% of children in the United States have been diagnosed as obese (Prevention, 2011). Although the prevalence of obesity has plateaued in the most recent years, the amount of children who are obese is still higher than what is desired. These obesity rates are alarming due to the effect it will have on them and their healthcare. As more children are diagnosed with obesity, the more children increase their risk of cardiovascular disease, h ypertension, and insulin resistance later as adults (NewbyRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe famous actor and comedian, Will Ferrell, quoted on twitter, â€Å"Obesity doesn’t run in your family, no one runs in your family†. The joke was intended to be funny, but I’m sure it hit closer to home for a lot of people more than anything else. Many problems in America consist of low employment rates, global warming and, not to forget, obesity. What other country has issues that include the overweight factor? Exactly, none. While mostly adolescent teens to adults are struggling to turn their livesRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity895 Words   |  4 PagesRecent years health experts have been warning people to control their weight and adopt a healthier lifestyle.Over time obesity is a still problem with our society today also, its rates have tripled especially in America.It is obvious we are losing the battle against obes ity. Combating obesity and its numerous illnesses will not require more drugs to lower cholesterol, diet books. It will require rethinking our environment.Other measures need to be taken to tackle this international epidemic. Addressing

International Business And International Marketing

International business compares all commercial transactions like private and government, investments and sales and transportation which take place between two or more regions , nations and countries beyond their political boundries.simply international business is exchange of goods and services among business and individual in multiple countries. International business such as an essential subject for students around the world because international business is vital ingredient in entrepreneurship and strategic management. Managers, entrepreneurs, workers, for profit and non-profit organisation, and government all have vested interest in understanding and shaping global business and practice. International business is also known as global business and international marketing. An international business has many options for doing business all around the world. Exporting goods and services .giving license to produce goods in the host country. Opening a branch for producing and distributing goods in the host country. Starting a joint venture with a company. Providing a managerial service to companies in the host country. Features of international business International business has many features like keen competition ,large scale operations ,benefits to participating in countries, dominated by developed countries and mnc’s, sensitive nature, special role of technology and science, international restrictions ,integration of many economy of many countries. KeenShow MoreRelatedInternational Business Marketing1967 Words   |  8 Pagesanalyzes why and how companies set their international business strategies with the host nations and the benefits that they have reaped through the years with their decision. The discussion handles foreign manufacturing strategies with direct investment and without direct investment, its advantages and disadvantages and how companies have profited by their decisions in each of the cases. At the end of the discussion it would be clear that how such business decisions play a vital role in the growthRead MoreInternational Business Strategy : International Marketing Strategy3220 Words   |  13 Pages: 567334 Course Title : International Business Strategy Due Date : 11 August 15 Course code : 151030008 Word Count : 2500 Discuss this statement : â€Å" While Dunning’s OLI model provides a general paradigm for explaining the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment , its use in designing an international corporate strategy , as defined by Head is limited and requires more specific models for the task † B.Sc. International Management in MENA Read MoreInternational And Business-to-Business Marketing Essay2683 Words   |  11 PagesInternational And Business-to-Business Marketing Business markets are markets for products and services, local to international, bought by businesses, government bodies, and institutions, for incorporation, for consumption, for use, or for resale.[1] In business marketing, the customers are organisations, (businesses, governments, and institutions). An organisation is a group of people pursuing a common aim through co-ordinated activities, organisations are characterisedRead MoreInternational Business Project : International Marketing Project2362 Words   |  10 Pages International Business Project By ABC Date: Table of contents International Business Project 3 1. Introduce produce: 3 a) What is it? What is its function? What are its physical characteristics? 3 2. Describe your country of choice 3 a) When was the country formed/became independent 4 b) General country characteristics: 4 Geography, size, water, road, rail statistics: 4 c) Location: 5 d) Population: 5 i. Number: 5 ii. Age and sex breakdown: 6 iii. Birth and death rates: 7 iv. Urban/rural distribution:Read MoreInternational Business Environment And Marketing Management1853 Words   |  8 PagesI chose international business environment as my topic of interest The reason why I chose this topic because I would like to become an international business manager in the future, so as a result of that I have to know a lot about the international business environment and that will help to develop my career in international of business management and yes international business environment is related to my area of study or professional field of study, as a student of business administration andRead MoreMarketing Strategy For The International Business Market1811 Words   |  8 Pages When companies decide to enter the international business market they can do so via two different strategies, the multinational and global strategies. These two may seem like they are the same but in reality each strategy is very different. The multinational strategy’s main purpose is to adjust the product being offer to better appeal to the people or place to where it is being offer, while the global strategy does not make that distinction. Using the global strategy means that the same marketRead MoreThe Effect Of International Marketing Environment On Business Environment Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of â€Å"Marketing† as a concept, a practice and an orientation as being fundamental to the competitiveness and the survival of any business entity cannot be over emphasis in today’s business environment. (Kotler, 2011). Most businesses are expanding and getting into new market areas for economic and strategic reasons and it is becoming increasin gly difficult, if not possible, for companies to insulate themselves from the effect of international marketing environment, even if their productsRead MoreReflective Journal of International Business Planning and Marketing1048 Words   |  5 PagesStudent’s Reflective Journal Subject : MNM41 International business planning marketing Identify the theory/model/case Case name: Wal-Mart’s German Misadventure I really like this article. It provides a comprehensive view of a huge corporation entering a new market. It indicates how a difficult it is for a corporation to enter a market based on completely different culture, language, consumer concern and regulation environment. Especially in a highly-developed economy, the competitiveRead More Marketing MA Management and International Business Essay2233 Words   |  9 PagesMarketing MA Management and International Business Introduction CRM is a term for methodologists, technologies and e-commerce capabilities -used by companies to manage customer relationships. (Foss, 2001:1) It is also called customer management, customer care and sometimes customer centricity or customer-centric management. (Brown, 2000:1) All the names and definitions of CRM have customer, as its core-it is the management of customer relationships, which attempts to revolutionizeRead MoreThe Body Shop International: Marketing and Business Analysis2136 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Body Shop 1. Introduction The role of marketing has grown exponentially throughout the past recent years, and this is faithfully reflected in the strategic endeavors and decisions of the economic agents. The historical customers would choose from a limited array of products and would simply purchase whatever the manufacturers offered them. Throughout the past recent decades nevertheless, the economic climate has changed as it became more liberalized and globalized. This translated into

Football Free Essays

Football and Its Fans A personal interest that I have, is football. I have grown up watching my dad coach football, playing football with my cousins, and watching it on TV. American football, is sport originating from the Greeks. We will write a custom essay sample on Football or any similar topic only for you Order Now The BBC states, â€Å"The purpose of the game Is to move the ball towards, and ultimately into, the opposition’s end zone-This is achieved by either run inning with the ball until tackled, or throwing the ball downfall too team ate† (BBC). Football is considered a spectator’s sport, in which many people watch and play. Along with the many rules and regulations of the sport, there are a few different divisions of football. One cone apt to initially focus on, is the differences of teams and fans in each division of football. Divisions can be defined as the deferent levels of a player’s ability or pay. NFG and college football are the two types of divisions. Although they are similar, they have so me aspects that make them deferent. How to cite Football, Papers

College Fraternities Essay Example For Students

College Fraternities Essay A fraternity, as defined by the The American Heritage Dictionary is achiefly social organization of male college students, usually designated byGreek letters.(pg. 523) This definition, however, is very limited and leavesplenty of space for short sighted people to believe the stereotype conveyed bythe popular media, where fraternity members are depicted as drunks whoaccomplish nothing either scholastically or socially. Unfortunately, both thisdefinition and media portrayals fail to mention the fact that membership in afraternity is a life-long experience that helps its members develop social,organizational, and study skills during college, and that teaches true,everlasting friendship. As a matter of fact, fraternities have a longtradition of high academic achievement, and most of our nations presidentswere members of a Greek association. According to Irving Klepper, the first fraternity (Phi Beta Kappa) wasfounded for social and literary purposes at the College of William and Maryin Williamsburg, Virginia on December 5th 1776. After half a century ofexistence, it became and has since remained a scholarship honor society. Throughout the nineteenth century, many new fraternities were founded, but noneof these were permanent. Then, in 1825, the Kappa Alpha Fraternity (now KappaAlpha Society) was born at Union College. Two years later, Sigma Phi and DeltaPhi had been founded at the same college, constituting the so-called UnionTriad which was, in a large measure, the pattern for the American Fraternitysystem. By the end of the nineteenth century there were over thirty generalfraternities in this country (pg. 18). Todays fraternities still have all the characteristics and precepts ofthe their past fraternities: the charm and mystery of secrecy, a ritual, oathsof fidelity, a grip, a motto, a badge, a background of high idealism, a strongtie of friendship and comradeship, and urge for sharing its values throughnationwide expansion. (Klepper pg. 18) In addition, todays fraternities helptheir members develop many skills which are used in and out of college. During membership in a fraternity, one must learn leadership skills,because the chapter has to be run in a business-like manner and because itembraces different offices (President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Scribe,etc..) which are held by its members. These offices closely resemble the onesof real business. Additionally, since membership in a fraternity is seen as agreat achievement by other Greek associations members, every brother must beable to uphold that office at any time. Organization is a must for every member of a fraternity. Fund raisingactivities and community service always have a high priority in every chapter,and each member is required to organize and/or take part in many of theseactivities as a pledge, a brother and an alumnus. This helps individualswithin the group to develop organization and planning. In addition, since thefraternity might be located in a house, each brother must learn householdorganization for his brothers well being. Fraternities are famous for their energetic social gatherings (parties)which require all of their members to be socially active and outspoken whenthe occasion calls for it. This helps fraternity members develop very strongsocial skills. Since the act of one member reflects over the acts of all theothers, self-control and awareness of actions are mandatory. In addition, whenthe brothers live in fraternity houses, this adds to the development of socialskills in the way that a member must be able to deal and live with differentkinds of people in different situations. Since there are people of different scholastic levels in a fraternity,the member of the fraternity have access to a great deal of knowledge on manydifferent school subjects. It is normal for fraternities to organize studygroups regularly during the school year and especially before exams. .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e , .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .postImageUrl , .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e , .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e:hover , .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e:visited , .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e:active { border:0!important; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e:active , .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb17c2138a4391c6742d0d33f0a4ff8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ethan EssayIn addition, members might also use the opinion and advice of othermembers about the faculty in their favor, and most fraternities keep test filesand other such study aids available for the benefit of their members. Mostfraternity members are also eligible to receive a number of differentscholarships and awards based on academic excellence, leadership, and personalachievement which can contribute to both the resume and the self-esteem of theperson receiving such an honor. Fraternities are also well known for their support toward theircommunity. In fact, other than the usual, chapter-run projects, many chaptersrequire their associate members to organize and participate in their owncommunity service project before they can be initiated into full membership. This helps the fraternity to enhance their image, increase their popularityand their members awareness toward the community. It is common for some fraternity members to stay active aftergraduating from college. In this way they can help the chapter in many waysand especially as advisor of the real world. It is also a positiveexperience for the graduate member, who will be able to keep in contact withthe new and old members of his chapter. As Sidney S. Suntag wrote I know ofno better way to keep young than to associate with young people(pg. 15). Even if some members are not able to remain active, the chapter canalways count on them, since the spirit of fraternal brotherhood never dies. Itis common for fraternities to build their houses and fund their activities withthe support of their alumni. The number of alumni for a given fraternity inany urban area can range from a few dozen to several thousand. But the most important gift a fraternity can offer is a true andeverlasting friendship that transcends the normal bonds between friends andties them together as brothers for life. It is something no other organizationcan offer, and the bond that is formed between fraternity brothers is feltthroughout the whole organization and not just local chapters. This explainswhy, when greeks of the same fraternity meet is felt like a reunion betweenblood brothers. Clearly, a feeling of comradeship is present not only within eachfraternity, but between all of the members of Greek organizations. This canonly lead to positive relations with the Greek community of a college oruniversity, which is always fairly numerous at those institutions which haveGreek organizations. As Brian Abramson stated in his interview, If you look at any Greekorganization at Florida International University, or any other College orUniversity, you can find a catalogue of services which that organizationprovides for the benefit of the greater community through the service projectswhich it conducts every semester. Tau Epsilon Phi, for example, participatesin Bowling for Kids Sake every Spring, a tradition which began several yearsago. Every fraternity has its own special philanthropy, as well as otherpublic service projects which that fraternity takes part in from time to time. In fact, cooperating in public service not only provides the members of thebrotherhood with valuable connections in the community, but it also serves tostrengthen the bonds of brotherhood which hold the members together. To keep true to the feeling of brotherhood in a fraternity, everymember must be trustworthy and at the same time must be able to trust everyother member which makes the bond of brotherhood even stronger. Unfortunately,a lot of people overlook fraternities during college because of the ominous,ever-present rumors about hazing. This image is also a part of the popularstereotype of fraternity members. Hazing, as defined by the Fraternity Executive Association is Anyaction taken or situation created, intentionally, whether on or off fraternitypremises to produce mental, or physical discomfort, embarrassment, harassmentor ridicule.(pg. 48) As John P. Nykolaiszyn puts it, If anyone is caughthazing, not only can fines be imposed upon the individuals, but conviction andeven jail time could result. Organizations which practice hazing also run therisk of losing their charter and being closed down. .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 , .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .postImageUrl , .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 , .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21:hover , .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21:visited , .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21:active { border:0!important; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21:active , .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21 .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u292c9c5efa34c6c66a4931a437021e21:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bradstreet Feminism EssayAs Mr. Nykolaiszyn states in his letter to the editor, While someorganizations may choose to haze and humiliate the people who try to rush them,that is in no way an accurate portrayal of all Greeks. He goes on to pointout the fact that, Greek life is not just about partying and drinking. Greeklife helps to build character, self-esteem and life long friendships.(12) Itis indeed very sad that many people are stuck with the Animal House view offraternities and avoid looking into what fraternities are really all about. Works CitedAbramson, Brian D. Personal Interview. 1 Apr. 1996. Fraternity ExecutivesAssociation Statement of position on Hazing and Pre-initiation Activities Theportals of Tau Epsilon Phi Tau Epsilon Phi Fraternity, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia1937Klepper, Irving The portals of Tau Epsilon Phi Tau Epsilon Phi Fraternity, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia 1937Morris, William, ed. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts 1982Nykolaiszyn, John P. Hazing: Greeks get a bad rap. The Beacon Feb. 13th 1996:12. Category: English

Review Essay free essay sample

Do you want to work out and clueless where to go or a gym freak with more needs than just one gym have to offer? Look no more, the new UFC Gym located in Kakaako Honolulu Hawaii formally known as Pipeline. This gym is state of the art with top of the line equipment and teaches different styles of fighting technics to individuals as young as three years of age. People think just because the name UFC that it’s where you can brawl and tap people out, got it all wrong. You learn basic self-defense moves, and get a taste of what professional fighters go through with cardio and strength fitness before entering the cage. This gym is design to help you have self-confidence and train like the professional fighters of the UFC. I signed up as a member the first day the doors open, and the first thing that came to mind was â€Å"WOW, the female employees look like ring girls. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The gym is very nice and well organized separating the cardio machines from the free weights as well as the mats for jujitsu and the heavy bags for boxing, giving enough room to teach multiple classes at the same time without interfering classes or individual’s working out. The center of the gym has a professional size octagon cage for members to train or spars, making this gym feel like a real UFC environment. The UFC gym challenges members to various works outs not just fighting but as well as D.U. T. ( daily ultimate training), MMA Fight Fitness, zumba, cycling, yoga, and many more classes to choose from, to top it off the gym is open 24 hours for your convenience. D. U. T is a mass cardio workout (similar to cross fit) that consists of six to seven different exercises that is time for two to three minutes and moving on to the next one for about four cycles. MMA fight fit is something that UFC fighters do to train there temple to achieve more stamina in the octagon. It too consists of six to seven workouts from speed bag drills, power kicks and jumps. Each exercise is time for one minute and then quickly advancing to the next one for up to five minutes for three rounds just like if you were fighting in the cage. This workout seriously puts your body to work and challenges your athletic ability; this was the toughest class from my personal experience. All classes consist of one hour and taught by qualified trainers. The 37,000 square foot gym houses 82 weight machines, 82 cardio machines, and 30 cycles as well as a 30 yard multi- purpose indoor turf field, stepping up your workout to achieve better results; I believe it’s the only gym that has this feature. After hours of challenging yourself you can grab a refreshing shake or beverage at the juice bar or pick up some UFC gym clothing. Another neat thing is viewing seats for parents to watch their little ones train in karate, and jujitsu located in the kid’s dojo. Have no one to watch your toddler awhile you get workout on? This gym has nursery center that watches your child for up to an hour and is very safe. Another thing the gym has is an auto detail in front of the facility, get your sweat on and your and car clean for that hot date in the evening giving more time to look extra sleek. Locker rooms are very big with dozens of lockers and showers, as well as 1515 ft. sauna in both male and female locker rooms. Members can also get to watch UFC fights on Pay preview for free. The gym host fights by a 2018 ft. rop screen in the center of the facility and can be viewed on TV screens around the gym to get a work out at the same time. The snack bar also has healthy snacks and food for purchase but for special events like this they serve nachos and hotdogs. All the great things this gym has to offer it stills has its down side, for instance like the parking. Its limited and they do offer valet parking from the hours of four to seven but you would have to drive to the rear of the gym and walk back to the front awhile valet Attendants Park your vehicle 50 feet from their stand. The other down side to the gym is signing up for classes, they only have few classes in the morning and a variety in the evening starting at 4 to 9pm. Signing up to take a class can be done online but highly advise to sign up a week in advance due to high volume of members and limited spots open. All classes have a set schedule and rarely changes so plan accordingly and in advance. One thing I did noticed was the one on one trainers lack a lot of motivation just standing around the clients and telling them the next workout to do, so just stay focus and keep pushing yourself. On the up side they have dozen of protein shakes with crazy names at the bar, all taste really good and price just under five dollars so stop by and reward yourself. If you’re the individual that can push yourself and have a workout plan or have a group of friends and want utilized multiple equipment, the best time to head to the gym is between the hours of 9am to 4 pm Monday thru Fridays and weekend mornings. Gym is empty and free to roam. I recommended th is gym to everyone. A Positive attitude, clear mind, and all motivation.

All flesh is grass Essays

All flesh is grass Essays All flesh is grass Paper All flesh is grass Paper All flesh is grass is a quote from the book of Kings in the bible. Initially it is difficult to see how this relates to biology. However it is possible to relate the two, especially when considering the relationship between flesh and grass, or plant and animal life. It is necessary to consider exactly what is meant by grass and flesh. All grasses are plants, and as such conform to specific biological criteria that define the difference between plant life and animal life e.g. the ultrastructure of their cells, respiration and photosynthesis. Flesh is defined as soft muscular tissue found in animals. It is crucial to mans existence that the relationship between the earth and human life is examined, both the bible and biology attempt to understand how such a delicate balance of life on earth is maintained. Grasses are one of the most plentiful biological structures found on earth, with cellulose being the most abundant biological molecule. All grasses are essential sources of food for humans and animals alike. They offer important sources of vitamins and minerals. Key to the relationship between grass and flesh is that plants also contain the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. These five elements are essential in the production of protein within animals and thus vital to the development of flesh. Humans, like all mammals, employ holozoic nutrition to obtain nutrients from their food. There are five stages to holozoic nutrition: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. 1. Ingestion: this is the physical act of eating, taking in the raw materials which animals need for survival. 2. Digestion: this is the way in which animals process the raw materials from ingestion. The molecules contained in the food are usually too big to be useful to the body to the body immediately. Therefore there is a series of hydrolytic reactions to break down large molecules in to smaller, more useful ones. Each of these reactions is catalysed by an enzyme e.g. Peptidases from the pancreas catalyse the breakdown of peptides to amino acids. It is during this stage that animals can gain access to the essential elements; Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen and Sulphur, in plants necessary to the production of amino acids, proteins and ultimately muscle (flesh). 3. Absorption: after the food has been digested and the molecules are small enough to be used they are absorbed in the ileum. The molecules are diffused across the epithelial cells via a concentration gradient and for specific molecules via a pump system into the microvilli where they are transported away via the circulatory system. 4. Assimilation: this is the way in which the body incorporates and utilises digested food. Digested food molecules are carried around the body through the circulatory system: they may be stored for future use, such as fat and the formation of glycogen stores; they may be broken down further in respiration; may be used by cells for maintenance or repair; some molecules will be used for growth and development. Some of the molecules obtained from the ingestion of plant matter, specifically Nitrogen, will be used in the generation of new proteins, leading to the development of muscle. 5. Egestion: this is the way the body eliminates waste. Undigested food is not absorbed in the ileum; it passes through the body to be eliminated via the anus. After molecules have been absorbed they go on to be assimilated. Molecules are transported around the body by the blood. Eventually the blood will pass through the capillaries. Here interchange of molecules takes place, between the blood and the tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body. The process of forming tissue fluid is similar to the process in the Bowmans capsule in the kidney; it is formed through ultra-filtration. At the arteriolar end of the capillary the blood pressure is approximately 40mm Hg, at this pressure water is forced out of the capillary. However, this is opposed by the osmotic effect of the plasma proteins, which is approximately 25mm Hg. As a result the outward force is the difference, about 15mm Hg. At the venular end of the capillary the blood pressure has dropped to about 10mm Hg, but the osmotic pressure has remained at 25mm Hg. Therefore a net inward of pressure of 15 mm Hg is created. This draws water back into the capillaries from the tissue fluid by osmosis. This process means that new tissue fluid is always being formed at the arteriolar end of the capillary, carrying glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, minerals, dissolved gases and vitamins. Also waste from the cells is taken away at the venular end of the capillary. Some tissue fluid drains into the lymphatic system instead of going back into the blood. Once these molecules have been transported into the tissue fluid they can be taken up by the cells. For the development of muscle specific molecules are needed. Muscle growth is a specific from of protein synthesis that is brought about by the diffusion of testosterone into the muscle cell. The testosterone combines with a receptor in the cell and stimulates the protein synthesis process. Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes. Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA molecules. The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyses the formation of the peptide bond and the polypeptide begins to form. Once the polypeptide is complete the chain is released. As proteins for muscle development are formed in the muscle cell they stay within the cell. Muscle cells are different to other cells. During muscle development the individual muscle cells, myofibrils, do not divide; they become thicker and longer. A myofibril may become up to 28 times larger than its original size before mitosis begins. Muscle cells are also multinucleated. It is thought that muscle cells benefit from being multinucleated as it allows them to carry out protein synthesis at a faster rate. This process from ingestion to muscle development continues, at varying rates, throughout an animals life. However just as important to the relationship between plants and flesh is what happens once the animal is dead. Dead animals contain organic nitrogen compounds as do faeces and urine. All plants need nitrogen as it is essential to the formation of nucleic acids and protein. However plants can only take up nitrogen in the form of inorganic ions, in the forms of NO3- (nitrate) or NH4+ (ammonia). The organic compounds left in the detritus are converted to inorganic ions by saprophytic bacteria and fungi; these are referred to as decomposers. These decomposers break down the organic compounds to release NH4+. When there is enough oxygen in the soil the decomposers will oxidise the ammonia to nitrates such as NO3- and NO2-. This process is known as nitrification. Nitrate ions produced in this way are available for uptake by plants. There is another way in which ammonia and nitrates are made available to plants. In the soil there are nitrogen fixing organisms known as diazotrophs. These are able to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia. This is a biological version of the Haber-Bosch process; however it is far more efficient and occurs at low temperatures and at atmospheric pressure, whereas the chemical equivalent requires temperatures of 300à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to 500à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, high pressures and an iron catalyst. The reaction for nitrogen fixation is catalysed by nitrogenase, an enzyme containing iron and molybdenum. These nitrate and ammonia ions are taken up by the plants through their roots. Many of the ions will be incorporated into organic compounds and used to synthesis amino acids. The plant is again forming a part of the food chain. It is primary producer; this means that it is viewed as food by both herbivores and carnivores. As the plant is ingested by the herbivores or carnivores, or as the herbivore is ingested by the carnivore the nitrogen and other essential molecules are being transferred on again. This is known as the nitrogen cycle. Although at initial thought it was difficult to understand how plants and flesh were related, or how the bible had anything relevant to say about modern science, it has become clear that the symbiotic relationship between plants and animals is crucial to the survival of not just human life on earth but of all life. Animals cannot survive without muscle, without the ability to move, and we cannot generate that muscle without nitrogen. We could not obtain nitrogen without plants, which in turn would not be able to obtain enough nitrates and ammonia if animal detritus was not converted to inorganic ions that they can use. Perhaps this interdependence should serve as a reminder to humans that we are not as powerful as we think we are, and we are still fundamentally part of a very complex web, that not one of us could survive without. Indeed all flesh is grass, we could not survive if it were not.

Responsibilities of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Responsibilities of Management - Essay Example The organizations should recognize the importance of equality in workplace, which motivates the employees to improve their performance. Management is the art of getting things done by the people for achieving the desired objectives. What a manager does is also called management. It is the process of planning, organizing, directing, staffing, co-coordinating, reporting and budgeting. The levels of management are of three types. They are top level management, middle level management and lower level management. The main responsibility of a manager is to control the entire organization. The important responsibilities are encouraging employees, making sure that employees achieve the organizational objectives, controlling the activities and looking after the employees, making sure that resources are used in the best possible manner. That means usages of resources in most productive way, minimizing waste, and making sure of efficient use of time. The human resources manager plays a very important role in organizational hierarchy in between top level management to bottom level management. The important responsibilities of h uman resource manager are as follows. The human resource manager controls the employees and he is responsible for monitoring, guiding, and encouraging them in the best possible manner. He provides very good support to the selection of staff who meets the organizational standard. To sustain the competitive advantages the following factors should be maintained. They are performance management, providing training, reward, and recognition to staff, retention of employees, implementation and supervision of human resource policies and making sure of availability of human resources to accomplish the organizational objectives. â€Å"Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world. Common stress reactions include tension, irritability, inability to

Outsorcing and Exchange Traded Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Outsorcing and Exchange Traded Funds - Essay Example These reasons have been adduced as the causes of outsourcing by United States. It has therefore become a trend for developed economies to outsource their processes to emerging markets. Emerging economies are those economies with relatively cheap cost of labor. As a result of outsourcing their processes, multinational companies have to exchange their home currencies in the foreign exchange market in order to acquire the currencies in the countries of operations. Exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of problems. In this paper, the US dollar has been compared with Brazilian currency, the realm, over the last five years (Lydon, 2005). Business process outsourcing has been made in the information technology sector, financial sector, telecommunication sector and other after sales services. Brazil has become a preferred country for outsourcing since this has become one of the government strategies to create more employment opportunities and increase the gross domestic product . As a matter of fact, Brazil has become a preferred calling center. The rate of exchange in the years has kept on varying depending on the forces of demand and supply in the various countries. The country is rated next to Mexico and Europe irrespective of the proximity of these states. The preference of Brazil has been favored by the time zone, strong government support, conformity of culture high rates of fluency and growing technology (Stouffer, 2011). With the increasing outsourcing in Brazil, 25000 direct jobs and 75000 indirect jobs have been created. One of the major sectors that have actually grown is the IT section where the country’s size is the 8th in the world. The pooled skilled labor has enabled outsourcing in this country a preference. Outsourcing in the banking industry and the information providing areas has made Brazil increase it’s outsource capacity. The question that many ask is whether the fluctuating Brazil currency could be a hindrance to outsou rcing in Brazil. When companies establish their operations in a foreign country, the challenge that must be met is the competition with the home companies (Casale, 2008). The history of the US dollar against the realm from 2006 is as follows. In 2006 the realm per US dollar was 2.27 and 1.9 in the year 2007. As from the information, the realm gained against the US dollar and therefore any US firm that outsourced in Brazil had to incur additional cost for labor purposes (Lydon, 2005). In the year 2008 the exchange rate per US dollar was 1.63 and 1.95 kin the year 2009. The steadiness of the realm against the dollar therefore reduces the risk that is associated with operations in foreign countries. In the year 2010, the dollar was traded at 1.82. In as much as the rate has varied in the 5 years, it is worth realizing that the variation in the cost of the dollar has promoted the outsourcing to Brazil. Indeed, Brazil may be ranked the second after the giant outsourcer which is India. Th e decreasing value of the realm compared to the dollar could be a reason as to why Brazil could be the second option for countries to outsource. A stable currency is necessary in instances that outsourcing decisions are to be determined. The real against the dollar has remained stable between 1.7 and 1.9 to the dollar and this has made the United States be a desired place to outsource. There are several strategies that any firm with off shore outsourcing must do to ensure that

Stating And Justifying A Position Statement Research Paper

Stating And Justifying A Position Statement - Research Paper Example The research paper "Stating And Justifying A Position Statement" analyzes several statements by presenting the reasons for holding the position regarding them. "It’s human nature to be greedy". Everyone has an aspect of greed in their personality which can be either for money, things, fame or people but it has to be kept under control so that it does not dominate one’s character. As the competition among people intensifies regarding wealth and materialistic things, greed will become an important part of human nature. "Capital punishment is a deterrent to crime." The author disagrees with the statement because although many countries claim that capital punishment deters the number of crimes but the statistics show that the criminals are encouraged to carry out their activities. It has been found that the capital punishment is not given on the basis of actual crime committed and it is considered to be unfair and unjust by the citizens. "Everyone has a value system of some kind" The author agrees with the statement because each human being is nurtured within a set of beliefs and values which shape the individual’s personality and more importantly the perception of the world. During the interaction with others in the surroundings, people carry their values with them and this becomes one of their vital aspects of life. "We know ourselves better than others know us" There are many unobservable traits of the personality which are evident to ourselves and that is why we know ourselves better than others do.

Biochemical and Mineral Changes in Coconut Fermentation

Biochemical and Mineral Changes in Coconut Fermentation Changes in biochemical and mineral composition during natural fermentation of freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap Abstract Fresh, unfermented coconut inflorescence sap is a natural, hygienic, nutritious liquid extracted from inflorescence of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.). Studies conducted to establish changes in biochemical (pH, total sugar, reducing sugar, proteins, amino acids, phenolics) and mineral (sodium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper) content during natural fermentation of freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap revealed that the freshly collected coconut sap was rich in biochemical’s like total sugar (16.78 g 100 mL-1), protein (116.91 mg 100 mL-1 ), amino acids (210 mg 100 mL-1 ) and phenolics (19.9 mg 100 mL-1); macro minerals like sodium (103.92 mg 100 mL-1 ), potassium (177.66 mg/100 mL-1), soluble phosphorus (2.16 mg 100 mL-1); and micro-minerals like iron (68.55  µg 100 mL-1), copper (32.75  µg 100 mL-1) and zinc (15.60  µg 100 mL-1). Natural fermentation caused consistent decrease in pH, total sugar, amino acids, iron, copper, and zinc significantly ove r the time with increase in protein and soluble phosphorous. Natural fermentation was found to cause reduction in the biochemical and mineral nutrients except sodium and potassium, making the sap sour to taste. Introduction Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), belongs to the family of Arecaceae (Palmae), is an important member of the monocotyledons, found grown throughout the tropic and subtropic regions, is known for versatile uses of its different parts. It is part of the daily diet of many people. Oyster white, and translucent coconut sap extracted from unopened inflorescences of coconut palm is reported as a natural and non alcoholic beverage, high in nutritional value and an instant thirst quencher. It requires neither mechanical crushing, as in the case of cane, nor leaching like that of beet-root. This palm sap is widely consumed in India, Sri Lanka, Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Myanmar (Mahanandi, 2006). Coconut sap is considered as nutritious and delicious drink with agreeable flavour. The chemical composition of sap varies, depending on various factors, viz. place, age and type of palm, mode and season of its collection. Sap contains a number of minerals and salts and is high in protein. It contains acids like ascorbic acid (one form of vitamin C), nicotinic acid (vitamin B3 and vitamin PP) and riboflavin (Rosengarten and Frederic, (2004)). The method of tapping and collection of sap vary from country to country and also different regions within these countries. In India and Srilanka, sap is collected mostly in earthenware pots/bamboo receptacles. The earthen pot/bamboo sac is connected to the spadix, to be tapped. Lime is coated from inside the pot to prevent fermentation of the sap. In this method of collection, the sap quite often gets contaminated by trapped insects dust particles. At Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, a simple device has been developed to collect fresh and hygienic sap from coconut palms. The sap so collected can be used either as ready to serve drink or can be used for the preparation of natural coconut honey, jaggary or coconut sugar without the addition of any chemicals. Limited information is available with regard to the biochmecianl changes in coconut sap upon natural fermentation and no reports were availble about the changes in mineral contents in the sap. Thus t he objective of the present study was to findout the extend of changes in biochemical and mineral constituents in freshly collected coconut inflourecence sap as well as naturally fermented sap. Materials and methods Coconut sap collection: Fresh, hygienic, unfermented, fresh and clean inflorescence sap was collected by tapping of unopened spadix of the palm tree Cocus nucifera L. (WCT x GBGD hybrid) in the CPCRI Experimental Farm, using the device developed at CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala, India (Patent File No. K.B. Hebbar2425/CHE/2013). Initial pH of the over night collected fresh sap was measured and the one set of sap was stored at -20 ºC and other 10 sets of sap samples was kept under room temperature (25  ± 2 ºC during the study period) to for natural fermentation. Each set of sample was taken at different time, then pH and other biochemical and mineral constituents were measured. Estimation of total sugar and reducing sugar: Total sugar and reducing sugar content in the fermented sap was determined using phenol-sulphuric method (Dubois et al., 1956) and Nelson-Somogyi’s method (Somogyi, 1952), respectively. In both methods glucose was used as a standard. Estimation of protein and free amino acids: Total protein and total free amino acids present in the sap was determined using Lowry’s method (Lowry et al., 1951) and ninhydrin method (Moor and Stein, 1948) respectively. Bovine serum albumin and leucine were used as a standard for protein and amino acid estimation, respectively.. Estimation of Phenolics: Total phenolics content of freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (Singleton and Rossi, 1965). Gallic acid in 50% (v/v) methanol solution in concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg 100 mL-1 was used as a standard. The content of total phenolics was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 ml of fresh sample. All samples were analyzed in triplicate. Estimation of soluble phosphorus: Soluble phosphorus present in the sap was determined by molybdivanadophosphoric acid method described by Kitsonand Mellon (1944). An aliquot of 10 mL of sap was taken in a 50 mL flask and 10 ml of vanadomolybdate reagent was added and volume was diluted to 50 mL with double distilled water and the color developed was read at 470 nm after 10 mins. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used as a standard. Mineral analysis: Mineral content was determined according to official analytical methods (AOAC 1990) using a GBC make Avanta PM atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) equipped with a D2 lamp background correction system using an air-acetylene flame. Determinations were carried out in duplicates of each independent sample of each pH. For the analysis of minerals, coconut sap solutions at different pH were filtered through quantitative ashless filter paper and used. The samples were analyzed using AAS calibrated with related minerals in different concentrations for different macro (potassium and magnesium) and micro-minerals (copper, iron and zinc). All the chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade and the standard solutions of minerals for AAS were purchased from Merck, Germany. The detection limits for minerals were 3  µg/100 g for K; 0.3  µg/100 g for Mg; 3  µg/100 g for Cu; 6  µg/100 g for Fe and 1  µg/100 g for Zn. Statistical analyses: All statistical analyses were performed using of Statistical Analysis Software system, Version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) (SAS 2009). Analysis of variance, using PROC GLM was used to determine significant differences among the fermented sap samples for biochemical and mineral constituents. Simple linear correlation analysis was performed to indicate the measure of correlation and strength of relationship between variables studied. Results and discussion: The coconut inflorescence sap collected using device developed at CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala, India was analyzed for biochemical and mineral constituents at initial level immediately after collection, and at different time intervals after allowing for natural fermentation under room condition. Significant differences were observed for all biochemical and mineral constituents, except sodium and potassium, with respect to natural fermentation (Table 1 and Table 2). Linear correlation (r) between time, biochemical parameters and minerals studied in coconut inflorescence sap due to natural fermentation were given in table 3. Changes in pH: The pH of the coconut sap samples decreased from 7.57 to 3.95 by the end of 4 hrs due to natural fermentation and observed significant negative correlation with time (r = -0.991, at P Changes of total sugar and reducing sugar content: At initial time, the total sugar and reducing sugar content in the sap was about 16.78 g and 0.48 g 100 mL-1, respectively. At the end of 4th hr, the total sugar content reduced to 8.9 g 100 mL-1 and reducing sugar content increased to 3.5 g 100 mL-1. Xia et al., (2011) reported that sucrose was the predominant sugar in the fresh sap; reducing sugars such as glucose and fructose were in negligible amount in fresh unfermented sap. Once the fermentation starts, the total sugar level was drastically reduced and at the same time there was a sharp increase in reducing sugar content, which meant that the content of fructose and glucose increased but sucrose decreased. This is due to sucrose being converted into fructose and glucose during initial fermentation. At the same time, the broken down glucose and fructose was utilized by the microorganisms at later stages. This may be the reason for the overall reduction in total sugar content fr om 16.78 g to 8.9 g 100 mL-1. Significant positive correlation between pH and total sugar (r=0.912, at P r= -0.914 and -0.926, respectively, at P Changes of total protein and free amino acids: The protein content of the freshly collected coconut sap was about 116.91 mg 100 mL-1, when the fermentation progress, there was a significant increase in the protein content and it reached 839.21 mg 100 mL-1 at the end of 4 hrs, and it was negatively correlated with the free amino acid content. At initial stage the free amino acid content was about 210 mg 100 mL-1 sap. Free amino acid content decreased drastically due to fermentation and reached to 77.76 mg 100 mL-1 sap at pH of about 4.7. Correlation study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between total protein and free amino acids (r= -0.715, at P The phenolic content in fresh sap was about 19.9 mg 100 mL-1. There was a difference in the phenolic content upon fermentation; the change in phenolics content didn’t showed any trend. Upon fermentation, the content of phenolics starts decreased for up to 90 mins, there after there was a steady state. The results are against the earlier study which showed there was drastic increase in phenolics content due to the release of phenols from polyphenols by the action of microbial fermentation (Xia et al., 2011). Earlier studies showed that there was a steady state between hydrolysis of polyphenols and the action of polyphenoloxidase; processes that generate and oxidize, respectively, leads to no drastic change in phenolic content (Cruz et al., 2013). The major biochemical changes occurring in the fermenting sap indicated that a natural fermentation of coconut sap consist of initial lactic acid fermentation, a middle alcoholic fermentation and final acetic acid fermentation. It also appeared that activities brought about by micro-organisms of early phase helped the activities of the micro-organisms in each of the later phases (Atputharajah et al., 1986) Changes in mineral composition by natural fermentation: Mineral composition of coconut inflorescence sap and their changes during natural fermentation were given in the table 2. Potassium (177.66 mg/100 mL-1) was the major mineral nutrient present in the fresh sap followed by sodium, which was about 103.92 mg 100 mL-1. In the present study, there was no significant differences were found for the changes in potassium and sodium content in the fresh sap and fermented sap. Soluble phosphorus content in the fresh sap was 2.16 mg 100 mL-1.There was significant differences were found for the soluble phosphorus content in the sap upon fermentation. The soluble phosphorus content was found to increase to 6.41 mg 100 mL-1 at the end of 4th hr due to microbial fermentation, which increases the solubility of the phosphorus. Earlier studies, Lopez et al. (2001) found thatlactic acid bacteria present in sourdough enhanced acidification, leading to increased magnesium and phosphorus solubility. Freshly collected coconut sap was rich in micro-minerals like iron (68.55  µg 100 mL-1), copper (32.75  µg 100 mL-1) and zinc (15.60  µg 100 mL-1). Once the fermentation starts, the level of micro-minerals present in the sap starts declining and the changes was significant. There was a significant negative correlation found between time and all micro-minerals studied (r= -0.948, -0.930 and -0.890 for iron, copper and zinc, respectively, with time). Microorganisms require several micronutrients like manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel and copper are available in nature, have many roles in the cells as a part of enzymes, cofactors that make to catalysis of reaction and maintenance of protein structure. This leads to reduction in available micro-mineral contents in the sap during fermentation. Conclusion The biochemical studies revealed that the freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap was rich in biochemicals such as sugar, protein, free amino acids and mineral nutrients such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, copper and zinc. Due to natural fermentation there was a drastic change in the above said nutrients except sodium and potassium. In most cases, the natural fermentation reduces the available nutrients in the sap and make the sap sour to taste. Thus, there is a need to find out suitable methods to prevent the natural fermentation of coconut sap without affecting its nutritional quality and make it as a delicious health drink. Table 1. Changes in pH and biochemical composition in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation Table 2. Changes in mineral constituents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation Table 3. Linear correlation (r) between the biochemical parameters and minerals studied in coconut inflorescence sap due to natural fermentation TS – total sugar; RS – Reducing sugar; AA – amino acids * indicates significant at P=0.05 Figure 1. Changes in pH, total sugar and reducing sugar contents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Figure 2. Changes in protein and free amino acids content in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Figure 3. Changes in sodium, potassium and phosphorus contents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Figure 4. Changes in iron, copper and zinc contents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Acknowledgement References J Agric Food Chem.2001 May;49(5):2657-62. Prolonged fermentation of whole wheat sourdough reduces phytate level and increases soluble magnesium. Lopez HW1,Krespine V,Guy C,Messager A,Demigne C,Remesy C. Jaqueline Fontes Moreau Cruz, Paula Bacelar Leite, Sergio Eduardo Soares and Eliete da Silva Bispo. Assessment of the fermentative process from different cocoa cultivars produced in Southern Bahia, Brazil Vol. 12(33), pp. 5218-5225, 14 August, 2013 Colorimetric Determination of Phosphorus as Molybdivanadophosphoric Acid R E. Kitson,M G. Mellon Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed.,1944,16(6), pp 379–383

The Marriage Of John And Jaqueline Kennedy Essay -- essays research pa

The Marriage of John and Jacqueline Kennedy. THESIS: Although the relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love, their marriage was filled with tragedy, shame, and change. I. The relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. They met at a dinner party thrown by Charles and Martha Bartlett.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Their marriage was called â€Å"the wedding of the year.† II. Their marriage had many tragedies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Although three children survived birth, Jackie had many unsuccessful   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pregnancies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas while riding in a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   motorcade. III. Their marriage was filled with shame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Jack had an irresistible urge to women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Jack had innumerable conversations with a Judith Campbell, a woman with   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mob connections. IV. Their marriage was filled with change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Life was different for the Kennedy’s in the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Jackie did a complete renovation of the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Life changed drastically for Jackie after the assassination of her   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love, their marriage was filled with tragedy, shame and change. The life of the first family is highly publicized but many of the happenings of the Kennedy family were not meant to be up for public scrutiny. During the time that Kennedy was in office there were many political as well as personal events that went on in his life. Love, tragedy, shame, and change were just some of the feelings and occurrences that went on inside the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacqueline began her journalism career working for the Washington Times-Herald where she was soon promoted to â€Å"Inquiring Cameragirl.† This was how she first got to talk to Senator John F. Kennedy. She interviewed him for her column a few times and attended a ... ... Publishers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1997. Anthony, Carl Sferrazza. First Ladies Volume II The Saga of the President’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wives and Their Power 1961-1990. New York: William Morrow and Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inc.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1991.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Davis, John H. Jacqueline Bouvier An Intimate Memoir. New York: John Wiley and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sons, Inc., 1996. Davis, John H. The Bouviers From Waterloo to the Kennedys and Beyond.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington DC: National Press Books, 1993. Donald, Aida Dipace. â€Å"Kennedy, John F. Assassination.† Dictionary of American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History. 1976 ed. Encyclopedia Americana: John F. Kennedy. Frank B. Freidel, Jr. (1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.grolier.com/presidents/ea/bios/35pkenn.html. Heymann, David C. A Woman Named Jackie. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publishing group, 1994. â€Å"Kennedy, John Fitzgerald.† Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1998 ed. Mills, Judie. John F. Kennedy. New York: Franklin Watts, 1962. Watney, Hedda Lyons. Jackie O. New York: Leisure Books, 1994.

Changing Behaviors by Changing the Classroom Environment Essay

Many teachers face disruptive behavior in their classrooms. They are left with the question; how can they identify and change the problem areas in the classroom environment in order to change the behavior? By collecting data on students’ engagement during instruction, disruptive behavior, and teacher observations, teachers can identify which physical aspects of their classrooms need to be improved. One of the challenges teachers face is disruptive behavior in their classrooms. A survey conducted in 2004 showed that 75% of the teachers noted that they would spend more time teaching effectively if they had less disruptive behavior in their classrooms (public agenda, 2004). Examples of these disruptive behaviors include, speaking without permission and getting out of the seat. Another challenge for the teachers is to find classroom management strategies that are proactive, preventative and relatively easy to implement and which provide minimal disruption to the classroom. There are different steps to changing the environment of a classroom. The first step is to observe: Finding out things like what types of behaviors occur in your classroom, when are most disruptive behaviors occurring, the time of day and under which type of circumstances? Where is disruptive behavior occurring? Are students able to work at desks without distractions? Are students able to work in group areas without distractions from the surrounding environment? The second step is to modify: This entails providing areas for personal space (Hood-Smith & Leffingwell, 1983, Visser, 2001), changing or decreasing placement of stimulating visuals, making clear pathways between students and high trafficked areas (Visser, 2001; Weinstein, 1979), addressing acoustic quality in the classroom by eliminating objects that produce background noise, modify classroom climate by adjusting lighting, air flow, and temperature. The last step is following up: these include questions like, are you using the modifications correctly? Are the modifications being used consistently? Do any modifications need rearranging, changing, or removal? Do you need to implement additional modifications? Investigations have been done by researchers on the relationship between the classroom environment, student behavior and academic engagement (Hood-Smith & Leffingwell, 1983; Visser, 2001). A well organized classroom permits more positive interactions between teachers and children, reducing the probability that challenging behaviors will occur (Martella, Nelson & Marchand-Martella, 2003). In addition, modifying the classroom environment may serve as a direct intervention for children who demonstrate ongoing disruptive behavior (Conroy, Davis, Fox & Brown, 2002). Although the well designed classroom has proven benefits, there is little research on the impact environmental modifications have on behavior and learning (Guardino,2009; Schilling &Schwartz, 2004). Modifications of the environment are preventatives, whole class approach that may decrease chronic behavior problems, prevent behavior problems for students who are at risk, and allow children with minimal behavior to access learning without interruption. Although environmental modifications are an essential part of classroom management, many teachers are not aware of the process of implementing them. A case study was done on Ms. Thompson a fourth grade teacher and her class. The students exhibited high levels of disruptive behavior. During the baseline phase, data on the overall classroom academic engagement and disruptive behavior was collected. Ms. Thompson helped in defining academic as purposeful attention such as raising a hand or answering a question and disruptive behavior as speaking without permission, getting out of seat or non compliance to the teachers directions. During the two weeks of data collection academic engagement and disruptive behavior was measured. Ms. Thompson directed a mini-reading lesson, after which students worked independently. The observation sessions were 15 minutes long; during this period some instances were noted where one or more students were not academically engaged during any 15 seconds interval. After the observation, discussions on how to improve the environment were done with Ms. Thompson; for example, seating arrangement, creating group space etc. These changes were put in place and beginning the following Monday data was collected for 4 weeks. Ms. Thompson also filled a questionnaire regarding her perception of the effectiveness of changing the classroom environment to improve student behavior. After the classroom was modified academic engagement increased and stayed at or 45% as compared to the previous 3%. Before the intervention disruptive behavior occurred almost 90% of the time but after it reduced but was inconsistent during the final observations. Both the questionnaire and a follow up interview relayed Ms Thompsons’ satisfaction with modifying her classroom environment to improve student behaviors. With the results gotten from the case study, it is with no doubt clear that modifications to the classroom environment increased academic engagement and decreased disruptive behavior. References Martella. R. C. Nelson, J. R. , & Marchand-Martella. N. E. (2003). Managing disruptive Behaviors in the school. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Schilling. D. L, & Schwartz, I. S. (2004). Alternative seating for young children with autism spectrum disorder: Effects on classroom behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 423-452. Visser, J. (2001). Aspects of physical provision for pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Support for Learning. I6 (2). 64-66 Weinstein, C. S. (1979). The physical environment of the school: A review of research. Review of Educational Research. 49, 577-610. Conroy, M. A. , Davis, C. A. , Fox, J. J.. & Brown, W. H. [2002). Functional assessment of behavior and effective supports young children with challenging Behaviors. Assessment for Effective intervention, 2 [4j, 35-47. Guardino, C. (2009). Modifying the environment to improve student behaviors: A closer look at classrooms with students who have a hearing bss. Manuscript in preparation. Hood-Smith, N. E. , & Leffingwell, R. J. (1983). The impact of physical space alternation on disruptive classroom behavior: A case study. Education. ?04. 224-231. Public Agenda. (2004). Teaching in Wrnipted: Do discipline policies in today’s public schools foster the common good? New York, NY: Author. Retrieved fromhttp://commongood. org/assets/attachments/ 22. pdf.

Elmer Gantry essays

Elmer Gantry essays The majority of all books are trash. Sinclair Lewis Elmer Gantry is a great book because it has credibility, a timeless theme, and it has the necessary action. Any book that can do that is a great book. The credibility of Elmer Gantry is something that will keep this book eternally great. Although the actual time period is dated, the plot is not dated. Most people can relate to the different characters in the book. Elmer is a pompous football player who thinks that he is higher than any religion. However, people try, and successfully convert him. He attempts to please two masters at first: his vices and God. He eventually makes the decision to live by God, but of course he will occasionally fool around with his old vices, especially adultery. Most people know someone who is like this and still somehow succeeds although he shouldnt have. Although Elmer is more extreme than the people the reader is likely to know, he is still a very credible characters. Another thing that makes this a timeless novel is that it has the needed action to attract the reader who only wants entertainment. Elmer often gets into fights that will keep the reader in the edge of their seat. He will face odds that most would run away from, but also has times when he backs down from a fight, such as when Brother Naylor and Brother Bains confront him about fooling around with Lulu. It also has enough opportunities for the modern person to think about sex although it doesnt graphically say what happens. This makes all the sex scenes up to the reader which may dismiss them or relish on them. A book with this combination of sex and violence makes it a book that it is even suitable for easy reading for the person who does not want to learn anything. Finally, Elmer Gantry is a timeless book because it has a universal theme: humans will always sin. It is most obviously seen through Elmer, although it is seen in other...

The Complete Guide to the AP World History Exam

The Complete Guide to the AP World History Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Before you start studying for the AP World History exam, you should get the inside scoop on its format and content. The types of questions you'll see might differ from your expectations. It's especially smart to practice writing essay outlines based on past questions before you're faced with fresh prompts on the test. In this article, I'll go through the structure, content, and question types on the exam and provide some helpful tips for acing it! How Is the AP World History Exam Structured? The exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long in total, with two sections. Section 1 Format: Total time: 105 minutes 55 minutes to complete55 multiple-choice questions (worth 40 percent of your score) 50 minutes to complete four short-answer questions (worth 20 percent of your score) Question Breakdown: Era Percentage of MC Questions Technological and Environmental Transformations: Up to 600 BCE 5 Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies: 600 BCE - 600 CE 15 Regional and Transregional Interactions: 600 CE - 1450 20 Global Interactions: 1450 - 1750 20 Industrialization and Global Integration: 1750 - 1900 20 Accelerating Global Change and Realignments: 1900 - Present 20 Section 2 Format: 90 minutes Two essay questions: Document based question (50 minutes, which includes a 10 minute reading period) You’ll integrate an analysis of ten historical documents with your discussion of a topic in world history. This question is worth 25 percent of your score, Long essay (35 minutes) You'll choose between two different prompts for the long essay question. This question is worth 15 percent of your score. This section, as a whole, makes up the other 50 percent of your final exam score. Content Background for AP World History The content is divided into five themes that can be traced through six historical eras. Knowing the themes can help you get a better sense of which historical trends the test will ask you to examine (this is especially helpful when writing free-response essays). The six eras are also important to know for the test because they provide an easier way of organizing information and events. As you'll see in the multiple-choice question example in the next section, your ability to make the right answer choice often depends on your memory of how these eras differ from one another on a large scale. The five themes are: Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment Demography and disease Migration Patterns of settlement Technology Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures Religions Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies Science and technology The arts and architecture Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict Political structures and forms of governance Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolutions Regional, transregional, and global structures and organizations Theme 4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems Agricultural and pastoral production Trade and commerce Labor systems Industrialization Capitalism and socialism Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures Gender roles and relations Family and kinship Racial and ethnic constructions Social and economic classes The six time periods, which I also listed briefly in the first section of this guide, are: Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations (Before 600 BC) Key Concepts: Paleolithic era hunter-gatherer societies Neolithic Revolution and early agricultural societies Foundational civilizations (ex. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Olmecs) The first states Development of urban planning and culture Systems of record keeping and legal codes New religious beliefs Trade expansion Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 BC - 600 CE) Key Concepts: Codification of religious and cultural traditions New artistic expressions in literature, drama, architecture Further development and consolidation of states and empires (ex. Persian Empires, Qin and Han Empire, Roman Empire) Decline and collapse of large empires New networks and means of communication and exchange Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 CE - 1450) Key Concepts: Further expansion and intensification of networks of communication and exchange Migration of peoples leads to linguistic and environmental effects Diffusion of new crops and new diseases along trade routes Emergence of new types of states after empire collapses Contact and conflict between states and empires leads to technological and cultural transfers Increased productive capacity in agriculture and other industries Urban decline and revival Period 4: Global Interactions (1450 - 1750) Key Concepts: Global networks of communication and exchange Technological advances make long sea voyages possible Age of exploration Columbian Exchange Religious spread and reform Increased labor demands (peasant labor, slavery, growth of plantations) Restructuring of gender, racial, and ethnic hierarchies State consolidation and imperial expansion (both land and maritime empires develop) Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 - 1900) Key Concepts: Industrial Revolution; fundamental changes to the way goods are produced Transoceanic empires established, decline of Spanish and Portuguese influence Influence of imperialism on state formation around the world Social Darwinism, other racist ideologies facilitate/justify imperialism Enlightenment Revolutionary movements Global migration Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (1900 - Present) Key Concepts: Rapid advances in science and technology Impact of population expansion on the environment Dissolution of empires and restructuring of states Military conflicts on a global scale Different responses to new economic challenges States, communities, and individuals grow more interdependent Challenges to old assumptions about society and culture, human rights movements Consumer/pop culture goes global Although we still have a ways to go in accepting the devastating impact we've have had on the environment. Remember whena congressperson threw a snowball in the House of Representatives in an attempt to prove that global warming doesn't exist? We're doomed. Sample AP World History Test Questions Let's go through examples of each of the four types of questions you'll see on the exam. Multiple Multiple-choice questions on the AP World History exam are organized into sets around the analysis of a piece of historical source material in the form of a text, map, or chart.For this question, you’re asked to examine a map that will inform your answer: There’s a lot going on in this diagram, but you can pretty much use your intuition to figure out the correct answer. Choice A is too specific and too early.We see a much wider variety of trade routes on the map than this choice indicates - China is clearly in on the trading action.The dates mentioned are also before technology had developed to the point where the long sea voyages indicated on the map could take place. Choice B seems more likely.This was the period when trading amongst Europe, Africa, and Asia really started to take off.This choice also mentions the growth of new cities, and many cities are labeled on the map. Choice C, like choice A, is too specific.There’s a lot of other trading going on here that doesn’t involve China at all, and the map doesn’t seem to indicate Chinese dominance of the networks. Choice D is a little harder to rule out, but it’s also incorrect.It mentions an era when these trading networks were already well-established, and the Columbian Exchange with the Americas became a significant factor.Also, it’s hard to see how the map is demonstrating any changes in trading networks. This choice points to evidence that just isn’t there. The answer is B! The key to answering multiple-choice questions correctly is a careful reading of the source material and the question itself. Your answer should be informed by your background knowledge in world history, but it should be finalized through your understanding of the given context. Short Answer Question Example Short answer questions (new for the test in 2017) ask you to consult source materials and your knowledge of world history to provide concise responses. In a multi-part short response question, each part should only require a 1-2 sentence answer. If the question doesn't have multiple parts, your response should still be confined to no more than a paragraph. Here's an example from the latest course description: A good answer to part (a) would briefly describe how the Meiji restoration and industrialization contributed to Japan's increased military capacity during the late 19th century. For part (b), you would need to point out a specific example of how the painting shows a shift in Japanese cultural identity - for example, the Western-style military uniforms. For part (c), you would need to give an example of how increased militarism in Japan affected relationships with other countries at the beginning of the 20th century. You could talk about the impact of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 on the Russian Revolution or the increase in Japanese imperialism and militarism in the 1930s contributing to the start of World War II. Frees There are two free-response questions on the exam, one document based question and one long essay question. I'll give you an example of each type of prompt. Document Based Question Here’s a sample document based question: And here are two of the accompanying documents so you can see the types of materials you’ll be asked to integrate into your answer: A great answer forthis document-based question would analyze the documents by making multiple groupings around patterns of mechanization in Japan and India, examining similarities and differences.Groupings might include the growth of mechanization in both areas, the dominance of female labor in Japan and male labor in India, and testimony about peasant labor in both areas. You could use a single document as evidence for a variety of characteristics of mechanization and weave it into the essay at appropriate points.You should also create subgroupings within overarching themes.Don’t just say working conditions were â€Å"bad.† Make a distinction between different types of badness, for example, dangerous conditions versus low wages.Your essay should also analyze perspectives in at least two documents, explaining the contextual reasons that an author might have the opinion or point of view presented. You'll need to identify the additional document asked for in the question, and explain how it would contribute to your analysis.For example, there’s no document that provides the perspective of an Indian worker, so that would be good additional evidence. You could earn extra points for mentioning more than one additional document, explaining why the additional document is necessary, or weaving the potential addition(s) into your broader analysis.Incorporating outside knowledge of the historical context beyond what is presented in the documents is also a plus.For example, you might compare India’s status as a colony with Japan’s status as an independent imperial power, which would help explain why only one of the Indian sources comes directly from an Indian author. For document based questions, the central goal is to use all the documents in ways that relate to your thesis and bolster your supporting points. If you can do that in a cohesive essay that flows well, you'll earn most of the points available for this question. Long Essay Question Here's a sample long essay question (remember, you'll be able to choose between two of these types of questions on the test): Question 2: Evaluate the extent to which the emergence of Buddhism in the fifth century B.C.E. can be considered a turning point in world history. In the development of your argument, explain what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the emergence of Buddhism in the fifth century B.C.E. to the period after the emergence of Buddhism in the fifth century B.C.E. A strong answer for this question would include a thesis that makes a claim about the extent to which the emergence Buddhism was a turning point at this time in history. The thesis should go beyond just saying that Buddhism was or was not a turning point - state the reason for your claim in your thesis. Your argument should be supported throughout the essay by specific examples that show changes and continuities that occurred between the period before the emergence of Buddhism and the period afterwards. The similarities and differences between the two periods should be woven together to make a larger statement about the impact of Buddhism on world history. Examples supporting Buddhism as a major turning point include: The challenge it presented to existing caste and gender hierarchies in Southeast Asia Promotion of Buddhism by the Mauryan Empire was associated with the first large centrally administered state in South Asia If you're arguing in the opposite direction, that Buddhism wasn't a major turning point, you might describe the continued significance of religions like Daoism and Shintoism in East Asia both before and after the fifth century B.C.E. Make sure your argument is supported and qualified by other developments during this time period that had a scope beyond Buddhism. This might include: Overall formation and expansion of empires Origins of Confucianism Impact of Upanishads in development of what would eventually become Hinduism You might say that these other developments played a greater role in establishing the fifth century B.C.E. as a turning point in world history than Buddhism did. Or, if you're arguing that Buddhism was a signficant turning point on its own, you might say that these developments were all secondary indicators of the change that would come about with the spread of Buddhism. To take your essay to the next level, you also need to synthesize your points and expand the argument you're making. A smart way to do this would be to compare the emergence of Buddhism to other turning points in world history. In making these comparisons, you could bolster your argument for Buddhism as either a major turning point or a less significant development in world history depending on how it compares to these other major cultural shifts. How Is the AP World History Exam Scored? Raw scoring for multiple choice is simple.You will earn one point for each multiple-choice question you answer correctly for a maximum of 55 points.No points are taken off for incorrect answers, so you should fill in an answer bubble for every question. Each short answer question is worth three points (one for each task you're asked to complete in the question). That means you can earn a total of 12 raw points for your responses to short answer questions. The document based question and long essay question vary in point values. It's more significant to remember that the document based question is worth 25 percent of your score and the long essay question is worth just 15 percent. After the graders determine the number of points you've earned in each section, they'll calculate your two scaled scores based on the exam curve (which changes year to year).Each section gets a separate scaled score (one scaled score for multiple choice/short answer and one for the two free response questions). Then, the two separate scaled scores are added together for a total scaled score, which is converted to a score of 1-5 on the AP scale. The scoring methodology is a little less clear right now because of the significant changes that have been made to the exam for 2017. More information will become available after students take the revised test for the first time. What’s the Best Way to Prep for the AP World History Exam? Here are a few of the most important prep tips for AP World History. If you want even more advice, take a look at this article that delves into more detail on the best study strategies for this exam. Tip #1: Make Connections to Themes (and Memorize Examples!) This is a course that covers so much information that it can be hard to think of specific examples that relate to your arguments in essay questions.You should be able to elaborate on one or two concrete events from each period that relate to each theme of the course.If you can preserve this bank of information in your mind, you’ll be able to support your answers to any essay questions the test throws at you. Tip #2: Use Outside Information Selectively Providing specific historical examples in your essay is a way of showing your mastery of the material, but you need to be cautious.This test is less about how much you know and more about how well you understand the connections and underlying themes that connect historical facts.For example, in the last essay question example, even if you knew a million things about Buddhism and listed out a bunch of very specific facts in your essay, you wouldn’t necessarily get a good score.Each fact that you mention should have a purpose. It needs to tie directly into what the question is asking and what you’ve stated in your argument. Tip #3: Learn to Read Multiple-Choice Questions Carefully You can get into some trouble if you don’t understand exactly what the multiple-choice questions are asking on this exam.You’ll only find the correct answer if you stick to the specifics of the question.Otherwise, you could get tripped up by choices that are accurate statements about history but inaccurate answers to the question being asked.In the multiple-choice question we answered above, all of the choices represent valid historical events and trends, but only one provides a correct description of the map.Practice your skills in selecting answers that directly pertain to the evidence presented in the question. STICK to the specifics of the question! Also, I admire the sacrifices this woman made for the sake of a stock photo both in terms of her dignity and in terms of the pain she must have experienced when ripping that tape out of her hair. Summary The AP World History exam contains55multiple-choice questions, four short-answer questions, and two free-response questions. The two free-response questions include a document based question, which asks you to incorporate ten real historical documents into your response, and a long essay question. The exam questions address five major historical themes over six eras that stretch back to the beginning of human history. While this is undoubtedly a lot of information to study, it's important to realize that long-term trends are more important than small details. You can do extremely well on this test if you just master the major events of each era and understand their essential causes and effects. What’s Next? Looking for some practice materials? Check out our article listing all the AP World History practice tests available online. It's a smart idea to practice your writing skills on document based questions before the exam. Learnabout the best places to find DBQ examplesand how you can write an excellent response to these tricky questions. Which AP classes should you take in high school besides AP World History? This guide will help you decide based on your goals, academic interests, and schedule. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: