Review Essay free essay sample

Do you want to work out and clueless where to go or a gym freak with more needs than just one gym have to offer? Look no more, the new UFC Gym located in Kakaako Honolulu Hawaii formally known as Pipeline. This gym is state of the art with top of the line equipment and teaches different styles of fighting technics to individuals as young as three years of age. People think just because the name UFC that it’s where you can brawl and tap people out, got it all wrong. You learn basic self-defense moves, and get a taste of what professional fighters go through with cardio and strength fitness before entering the cage. This gym is design to help you have self-confidence and train like the professional fighters of the UFC. I signed up as a member the first day the doors open, and the first thing that came to mind was â€Å"WOW, the female employees look like ring girls. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The gym is very nice and well organized separating the cardio machines from the free weights as well as the mats for jujitsu and the heavy bags for boxing, giving enough room to teach multiple classes at the same time without interfering classes or individual’s working out. The center of the gym has a professional size octagon cage for members to train or spars, making this gym feel like a real UFC environment. The UFC gym challenges members to various works outs not just fighting but as well as D.U. T. ( daily ultimate training), MMA Fight Fitness, zumba, cycling, yoga, and many more classes to choose from, to top it off the gym is open 24 hours for your convenience. D. U. T is a mass cardio workout (similar to cross fit) that consists of six to seven different exercises that is time for two to three minutes and moving on to the next one for about four cycles. MMA fight fit is something that UFC fighters do to train there temple to achieve more stamina in the octagon. It too consists of six to seven workouts from speed bag drills, power kicks and jumps. Each exercise is time for one minute and then quickly advancing to the next one for up to five minutes for three rounds just like if you were fighting in the cage. This workout seriously puts your body to work and challenges your athletic ability; this was the toughest class from my personal experience. All classes consist of one hour and taught by qualified trainers. The 37,000 square foot gym houses 82 weight machines, 82 cardio machines, and 30 cycles as well as a 30 yard multi- purpose indoor turf field, stepping up your workout to achieve better results; I believe it’s the only gym that has this feature. After hours of challenging yourself you can grab a refreshing shake or beverage at the juice bar or pick up some UFC gym clothing. Another neat thing is viewing seats for parents to watch their little ones train in karate, and jujitsu located in the kid’s dojo. Have no one to watch your toddler awhile you get workout on? This gym has nursery center that watches your child for up to an hour and is very safe. Another thing the gym has is an auto detail in front of the facility, get your sweat on and your and car clean for that hot date in the evening giving more time to look extra sleek. Locker rooms are very big with dozens of lockers and showers, as well as 1515 ft. sauna in both male and female locker rooms. Members can also get to watch UFC fights on Pay preview for free. The gym host fights by a 2018 ft. rop screen in the center of the facility and can be viewed on TV screens around the gym to get a work out at the same time. The snack bar also has healthy snacks and food for purchase but for special events like this they serve nachos and hotdogs. All the great things this gym has to offer it stills has its down side, for instance like the parking. Its limited and they do offer valet parking from the hours of four to seven but you would have to drive to the rear of the gym and walk back to the front awhile valet Attendants Park your vehicle 50 feet from their stand. The other down side to the gym is signing up for classes, they only have few classes in the morning and a variety in the evening starting at 4 to 9pm. Signing up to take a class can be done online but highly advise to sign up a week in advance due to high volume of members and limited spots open. All classes have a set schedule and rarely changes so plan accordingly and in advance. One thing I did noticed was the one on one trainers lack a lot of motivation just standing around the clients and telling them the next workout to do, so just stay focus and keep pushing yourself. On the up side they have dozen of protein shakes with crazy names at the bar, all taste really good and price just under five dollars so stop by and reward yourself. If you’re the individual that can push yourself and have a workout plan or have a group of friends and want utilized multiple equipment, the best time to head to the gym is between the hours of 9am to 4 pm Monday thru Fridays and weekend mornings. Gym is empty and free to roam. I recommended th is gym to everyone. A Positive attitude, clear mind, and all motivation.

All flesh is grass Essays

All flesh is grass Essays All flesh is grass Paper All flesh is grass Paper All flesh is grass is a quote from the book of Kings in the bible. Initially it is difficult to see how this relates to biology. However it is possible to relate the two, especially when considering the relationship between flesh and grass, or plant and animal life. It is necessary to consider exactly what is meant by grass and flesh. All grasses are plants, and as such conform to specific biological criteria that define the difference between plant life and animal life e.g. the ultrastructure of their cells, respiration and photosynthesis. Flesh is defined as soft muscular tissue found in animals. It is crucial to mans existence that the relationship between the earth and human life is examined, both the bible and biology attempt to understand how such a delicate balance of life on earth is maintained. Grasses are one of the most plentiful biological structures found on earth, with cellulose being the most abundant biological molecule. All grasses are essential sources of food for humans and animals alike. They offer important sources of vitamins and minerals. Key to the relationship between grass and flesh is that plants also contain the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. These five elements are essential in the production of protein within animals and thus vital to the development of flesh. Humans, like all mammals, employ holozoic nutrition to obtain nutrients from their food. There are five stages to holozoic nutrition: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. 1. Ingestion: this is the physical act of eating, taking in the raw materials which animals need for survival. 2. Digestion: this is the way in which animals process the raw materials from ingestion. The molecules contained in the food are usually too big to be useful to the body to the body immediately. Therefore there is a series of hydrolytic reactions to break down large molecules in to smaller, more useful ones. Each of these reactions is catalysed by an enzyme e.g. Peptidases from the pancreas catalyse the breakdown of peptides to amino acids. It is during this stage that animals can gain access to the essential elements; Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen and Sulphur, in plants necessary to the production of amino acids, proteins and ultimately muscle (flesh). 3. Absorption: after the food has been digested and the molecules are small enough to be used they are absorbed in the ileum. The molecules are diffused across the epithelial cells via a concentration gradient and for specific molecules via a pump system into the microvilli where they are transported away via the circulatory system. 4. Assimilation: this is the way in which the body incorporates and utilises digested food. Digested food molecules are carried around the body through the circulatory system: they may be stored for future use, such as fat and the formation of glycogen stores; they may be broken down further in respiration; may be used by cells for maintenance or repair; some molecules will be used for growth and development. Some of the molecules obtained from the ingestion of plant matter, specifically Nitrogen, will be used in the generation of new proteins, leading to the development of muscle. 5. Egestion: this is the way the body eliminates waste. Undigested food is not absorbed in the ileum; it passes through the body to be eliminated via the anus. After molecules have been absorbed they go on to be assimilated. Molecules are transported around the body by the blood. Eventually the blood will pass through the capillaries. Here interchange of molecules takes place, between the blood and the tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body. The process of forming tissue fluid is similar to the process in the Bowmans capsule in the kidney; it is formed through ultra-filtration. At the arteriolar end of the capillary the blood pressure is approximately 40mm Hg, at this pressure water is forced out of the capillary. However, this is opposed by the osmotic effect of the plasma proteins, which is approximately 25mm Hg. As a result the outward force is the difference, about 15mm Hg. At the venular end of the capillary the blood pressure has dropped to about 10mm Hg, but the osmotic pressure has remained at 25mm Hg. Therefore a net inward of pressure of 15 mm Hg is created. This draws water back into the capillaries from the tissue fluid by osmosis. This process means that new tissue fluid is always being formed at the arteriolar end of the capillary, carrying glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, minerals, dissolved gases and vitamins. Also waste from the cells is taken away at the venular end of the capillary. Some tissue fluid drains into the lymphatic system instead of going back into the blood. Once these molecules have been transported into the tissue fluid they can be taken up by the cells. For the development of muscle specific molecules are needed. Muscle growth is a specific from of protein synthesis that is brought about by the diffusion of testosterone into the muscle cell. The testosterone combines with a receptor in the cell and stimulates the protein synthesis process. Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes. Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA molecules. The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyses the formation of the peptide bond and the polypeptide begins to form. Once the polypeptide is complete the chain is released. As proteins for muscle development are formed in the muscle cell they stay within the cell. Muscle cells are different to other cells. During muscle development the individual muscle cells, myofibrils, do not divide; they become thicker and longer. A myofibril may become up to 28 times larger than its original size before mitosis begins. Muscle cells are also multinucleated. It is thought that muscle cells benefit from being multinucleated as it allows them to carry out protein synthesis at a faster rate. This process from ingestion to muscle development continues, at varying rates, throughout an animals life. However just as important to the relationship between plants and flesh is what happens once the animal is dead. Dead animals contain organic nitrogen compounds as do faeces and urine. All plants need nitrogen as it is essential to the formation of nucleic acids and protein. However plants can only take up nitrogen in the form of inorganic ions, in the forms of NO3- (nitrate) or NH4+ (ammonia). The organic compounds left in the detritus are converted to inorganic ions by saprophytic bacteria and fungi; these are referred to as decomposers. These decomposers break down the organic compounds to release NH4+. When there is enough oxygen in the soil the decomposers will oxidise the ammonia to nitrates such as NO3- and NO2-. This process is known as nitrification. Nitrate ions produced in this way are available for uptake by plants. There is another way in which ammonia and nitrates are made available to plants. In the soil there are nitrogen fixing organisms known as diazotrophs. These are able to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia. This is a biological version of the Haber-Bosch process; however it is far more efficient and occurs at low temperatures and at atmospheric pressure, whereas the chemical equivalent requires temperatures of 300à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to 500à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, high pressures and an iron catalyst. The reaction for nitrogen fixation is catalysed by nitrogenase, an enzyme containing iron and molybdenum. These nitrate and ammonia ions are taken up by the plants through their roots. Many of the ions will be incorporated into organic compounds and used to synthesis amino acids. The plant is again forming a part of the food chain. It is primary producer; this means that it is viewed as food by both herbivores and carnivores. As the plant is ingested by the herbivores or carnivores, or as the herbivore is ingested by the carnivore the nitrogen and other essential molecules are being transferred on again. This is known as the nitrogen cycle. Although at initial thought it was difficult to understand how plants and flesh were related, or how the bible had anything relevant to say about modern science, it has become clear that the symbiotic relationship between plants and animals is crucial to the survival of not just human life on earth but of all life. Animals cannot survive without muscle, without the ability to move, and we cannot generate that muscle without nitrogen. We could not obtain nitrogen without plants, which in turn would not be able to obtain enough nitrates and ammonia if animal detritus was not converted to inorganic ions that they can use. Perhaps this interdependence should serve as a reminder to humans that we are not as powerful as we think we are, and we are still fundamentally part of a very complex web, that not one of us could survive without. Indeed all flesh is grass, we could not survive if it were not.

Responsibilities of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Responsibilities of Management - Essay Example The organizations should recognize the importance of equality in workplace, which motivates the employees to improve their performance. Management is the art of getting things done by the people for achieving the desired objectives. What a manager does is also called management. It is the process of planning, organizing, directing, staffing, co-coordinating, reporting and budgeting. The levels of management are of three types. They are top level management, middle level management and lower level management. The main responsibility of a manager is to control the entire organization. The important responsibilities are encouraging employees, making sure that employees achieve the organizational objectives, controlling the activities and looking after the employees, making sure that resources are used in the best possible manner. That means usages of resources in most productive way, minimizing waste, and making sure of efficient use of time. The human resources manager plays a very important role in organizational hierarchy in between top level management to bottom level management. The important responsibilities of h uman resource manager are as follows. The human resource manager controls the employees and he is responsible for monitoring, guiding, and encouraging them in the best possible manner. He provides very good support to the selection of staff who meets the organizational standard. To sustain the competitive advantages the following factors should be maintained. They are performance management, providing training, reward, and recognition to staff, retention of employees, implementation and supervision of human resource policies and making sure of availability of human resources to accomplish the organizational objectives. â€Å"Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world. Common stress reactions include tension, irritability, inability to

Outsorcing and Exchange Traded Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Outsorcing and Exchange Traded Funds - Essay Example These reasons have been adduced as the causes of outsourcing by United States. It has therefore become a trend for developed economies to outsource their processes to emerging markets. Emerging economies are those economies with relatively cheap cost of labor. As a result of outsourcing their processes, multinational companies have to exchange their home currencies in the foreign exchange market in order to acquire the currencies in the countries of operations. Exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of problems. In this paper, the US dollar has been compared with Brazilian currency, the realm, over the last five years (Lydon, 2005). Business process outsourcing has been made in the information technology sector, financial sector, telecommunication sector and other after sales services. Brazil has become a preferred country for outsourcing since this has become one of the government strategies to create more employment opportunities and increase the gross domestic product . As a matter of fact, Brazil has become a preferred calling center. The rate of exchange in the years has kept on varying depending on the forces of demand and supply in the various countries. The country is rated next to Mexico and Europe irrespective of the proximity of these states. The preference of Brazil has been favored by the time zone, strong government support, conformity of culture high rates of fluency and growing technology (Stouffer, 2011). With the increasing outsourcing in Brazil, 25000 direct jobs and 75000 indirect jobs have been created. One of the major sectors that have actually grown is the IT section where the country’s size is the 8th in the world. The pooled skilled labor has enabled outsourcing in this country a preference. Outsourcing in the banking industry and the information providing areas has made Brazil increase it’s outsource capacity. The question that many ask is whether the fluctuating Brazil currency could be a hindrance to outsou rcing in Brazil. When companies establish their operations in a foreign country, the challenge that must be met is the competition with the home companies (Casale, 2008). The history of the US dollar against the realm from 2006 is as follows. In 2006 the realm per US dollar was 2.27 and 1.9 in the year 2007. As from the information, the realm gained against the US dollar and therefore any US firm that outsourced in Brazil had to incur additional cost for labor purposes (Lydon, 2005). In the year 2008 the exchange rate per US dollar was 1.63 and 1.95 kin the year 2009. The steadiness of the realm against the dollar therefore reduces the risk that is associated with operations in foreign countries. In the year 2010, the dollar was traded at 1.82. In as much as the rate has varied in the 5 years, it is worth realizing that the variation in the cost of the dollar has promoted the outsourcing to Brazil. Indeed, Brazil may be ranked the second after the giant outsourcer which is India. Th e decreasing value of the realm compared to the dollar could be a reason as to why Brazil could be the second option for countries to outsource. A stable currency is necessary in instances that outsourcing decisions are to be determined. The real against the dollar has remained stable between 1.7 and 1.9 to the dollar and this has made the United States be a desired place to outsource. There are several strategies that any firm with off shore outsourcing must do to ensure that

Stating And Justifying A Position Statement Research Paper

Stating And Justifying A Position Statement - Research Paper Example The research paper "Stating And Justifying A Position Statement" analyzes several statements by presenting the reasons for holding the position regarding them. "It’s human nature to be greedy". Everyone has an aspect of greed in their personality which can be either for money, things, fame or people but it has to be kept under control so that it does not dominate one’s character. As the competition among people intensifies regarding wealth and materialistic things, greed will become an important part of human nature. "Capital punishment is a deterrent to crime." The author disagrees with the statement because although many countries claim that capital punishment deters the number of crimes but the statistics show that the criminals are encouraged to carry out their activities. It has been found that the capital punishment is not given on the basis of actual crime committed and it is considered to be unfair and unjust by the citizens. "Everyone has a value system of some kind" The author agrees with the statement because each human being is nurtured within a set of beliefs and values which shape the individual’s personality and more importantly the perception of the world. During the interaction with others in the surroundings, people carry their values with them and this becomes one of their vital aspects of life. "We know ourselves better than others know us" There are many unobservable traits of the personality which are evident to ourselves and that is why we know ourselves better than others do.

Biochemical and Mineral Changes in Coconut Fermentation

Biochemical and Mineral Changes in Coconut Fermentation Changes in biochemical and mineral composition during natural fermentation of freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap Abstract Fresh, unfermented coconut inflorescence sap is a natural, hygienic, nutritious liquid extracted from inflorescence of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.). Studies conducted to establish changes in biochemical (pH, total sugar, reducing sugar, proteins, amino acids, phenolics) and mineral (sodium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper) content during natural fermentation of freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap revealed that the freshly collected coconut sap was rich in biochemical’s like total sugar (16.78 g 100 mL-1), protein (116.91 mg 100 mL-1 ), amino acids (210 mg 100 mL-1 ) and phenolics (19.9 mg 100 mL-1); macro minerals like sodium (103.92 mg 100 mL-1 ), potassium (177.66 mg/100 mL-1), soluble phosphorus (2.16 mg 100 mL-1); and micro-minerals like iron (68.55  µg 100 mL-1), copper (32.75  µg 100 mL-1) and zinc (15.60  µg 100 mL-1). Natural fermentation caused consistent decrease in pH, total sugar, amino acids, iron, copper, and zinc significantly ove r the time with increase in protein and soluble phosphorous. Natural fermentation was found to cause reduction in the biochemical and mineral nutrients except sodium and potassium, making the sap sour to taste. Introduction Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), belongs to the family of Arecaceae (Palmae), is an important member of the monocotyledons, found grown throughout the tropic and subtropic regions, is known for versatile uses of its different parts. It is part of the daily diet of many people. Oyster white, and translucent coconut sap extracted from unopened inflorescences of coconut palm is reported as a natural and non alcoholic beverage, high in nutritional value and an instant thirst quencher. It requires neither mechanical crushing, as in the case of cane, nor leaching like that of beet-root. This palm sap is widely consumed in India, Sri Lanka, Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Myanmar (Mahanandi, 2006). Coconut sap is considered as nutritious and delicious drink with agreeable flavour. The chemical composition of sap varies, depending on various factors, viz. place, age and type of palm, mode and season of its collection. Sap contains a number of minerals and salts and is high in protein. It contains acids like ascorbic acid (one form of vitamin C), nicotinic acid (vitamin B3 and vitamin PP) and riboflavin (Rosengarten and Frederic, (2004)). The method of tapping and collection of sap vary from country to country and also different regions within these countries. In India and Srilanka, sap is collected mostly in earthenware pots/bamboo receptacles. The earthen pot/bamboo sac is connected to the spadix, to be tapped. Lime is coated from inside the pot to prevent fermentation of the sap. In this method of collection, the sap quite often gets contaminated by trapped insects dust particles. At Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, a simple device has been developed to collect fresh and hygienic sap from coconut palms. The sap so collected can be used either as ready to serve drink or can be used for the preparation of natural coconut honey, jaggary or coconut sugar without the addition of any chemicals. Limited information is available with regard to the biochmecianl changes in coconut sap upon natural fermentation and no reports were availble about the changes in mineral contents in the sap. Thus t he objective of the present study was to findout the extend of changes in biochemical and mineral constituents in freshly collected coconut inflourecence sap as well as naturally fermented sap. Materials and methods Coconut sap collection: Fresh, hygienic, unfermented, fresh and clean inflorescence sap was collected by tapping of unopened spadix of the palm tree Cocus nucifera L. (WCT x GBGD hybrid) in the CPCRI Experimental Farm, using the device developed at CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala, India (Patent File No. K.B. Hebbar2425/CHE/2013). Initial pH of the over night collected fresh sap was measured and the one set of sap was stored at -20 ºC and other 10 sets of sap samples was kept under room temperature (25  ± 2 ºC during the study period) to for natural fermentation. Each set of sample was taken at different time, then pH and other biochemical and mineral constituents were measured. Estimation of total sugar and reducing sugar: Total sugar and reducing sugar content in the fermented sap was determined using phenol-sulphuric method (Dubois et al., 1956) and Nelson-Somogyi’s method (Somogyi, 1952), respectively. In both methods glucose was used as a standard. Estimation of protein and free amino acids: Total protein and total free amino acids present in the sap was determined using Lowry’s method (Lowry et al., 1951) and ninhydrin method (Moor and Stein, 1948) respectively. Bovine serum albumin and leucine were used as a standard for protein and amino acid estimation, respectively.. Estimation of Phenolics: Total phenolics content of freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (Singleton and Rossi, 1965). Gallic acid in 50% (v/v) methanol solution in concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg 100 mL-1 was used as a standard. The content of total phenolics was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 ml of fresh sample. All samples were analyzed in triplicate. Estimation of soluble phosphorus: Soluble phosphorus present in the sap was determined by molybdivanadophosphoric acid method described by Kitsonand Mellon (1944). An aliquot of 10 mL of sap was taken in a 50 mL flask and 10 ml of vanadomolybdate reagent was added and volume was diluted to 50 mL with double distilled water and the color developed was read at 470 nm after 10 mins. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used as a standard. Mineral analysis: Mineral content was determined according to official analytical methods (AOAC 1990) using a GBC make Avanta PM atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) equipped with a D2 lamp background correction system using an air-acetylene flame. Determinations were carried out in duplicates of each independent sample of each pH. For the analysis of minerals, coconut sap solutions at different pH were filtered through quantitative ashless filter paper and used. The samples were analyzed using AAS calibrated with related minerals in different concentrations for different macro (potassium and magnesium) and micro-minerals (copper, iron and zinc). All the chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade and the standard solutions of minerals for AAS were purchased from Merck, Germany. The detection limits for minerals were 3  µg/100 g for K; 0.3  µg/100 g for Mg; 3  µg/100 g for Cu; 6  µg/100 g for Fe and 1  µg/100 g for Zn. Statistical analyses: All statistical analyses were performed using of Statistical Analysis Software system, Version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) (SAS 2009). Analysis of variance, using PROC GLM was used to determine significant differences among the fermented sap samples for biochemical and mineral constituents. Simple linear correlation analysis was performed to indicate the measure of correlation and strength of relationship between variables studied. Results and discussion: The coconut inflorescence sap collected using device developed at CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala, India was analyzed for biochemical and mineral constituents at initial level immediately after collection, and at different time intervals after allowing for natural fermentation under room condition. Significant differences were observed for all biochemical and mineral constituents, except sodium and potassium, with respect to natural fermentation (Table 1 and Table 2). Linear correlation (r) between time, biochemical parameters and minerals studied in coconut inflorescence sap due to natural fermentation were given in table 3. Changes in pH: The pH of the coconut sap samples decreased from 7.57 to 3.95 by the end of 4 hrs due to natural fermentation and observed significant negative correlation with time (r = -0.991, at P Changes of total sugar and reducing sugar content: At initial time, the total sugar and reducing sugar content in the sap was about 16.78 g and 0.48 g 100 mL-1, respectively. At the end of 4th hr, the total sugar content reduced to 8.9 g 100 mL-1 and reducing sugar content increased to 3.5 g 100 mL-1. Xia et al., (2011) reported that sucrose was the predominant sugar in the fresh sap; reducing sugars such as glucose and fructose were in negligible amount in fresh unfermented sap. Once the fermentation starts, the total sugar level was drastically reduced and at the same time there was a sharp increase in reducing sugar content, which meant that the content of fructose and glucose increased but sucrose decreased. This is due to sucrose being converted into fructose and glucose during initial fermentation. At the same time, the broken down glucose and fructose was utilized by the microorganisms at later stages. This may be the reason for the overall reduction in total sugar content fr om 16.78 g to 8.9 g 100 mL-1. Significant positive correlation between pH and total sugar (r=0.912, at P r= -0.914 and -0.926, respectively, at P Changes of total protein and free amino acids: The protein content of the freshly collected coconut sap was about 116.91 mg 100 mL-1, when the fermentation progress, there was a significant increase in the protein content and it reached 839.21 mg 100 mL-1 at the end of 4 hrs, and it was negatively correlated with the free amino acid content. At initial stage the free amino acid content was about 210 mg 100 mL-1 sap. Free amino acid content decreased drastically due to fermentation and reached to 77.76 mg 100 mL-1 sap at pH of about 4.7. Correlation study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between total protein and free amino acids (r= -0.715, at P The phenolic content in fresh sap was about 19.9 mg 100 mL-1. There was a difference in the phenolic content upon fermentation; the change in phenolics content didn’t showed any trend. Upon fermentation, the content of phenolics starts decreased for up to 90 mins, there after there was a steady state. The results are against the earlier study which showed there was drastic increase in phenolics content due to the release of phenols from polyphenols by the action of microbial fermentation (Xia et al., 2011). Earlier studies showed that there was a steady state between hydrolysis of polyphenols and the action of polyphenoloxidase; processes that generate and oxidize, respectively, leads to no drastic change in phenolic content (Cruz et al., 2013). The major biochemical changes occurring in the fermenting sap indicated that a natural fermentation of coconut sap consist of initial lactic acid fermentation, a middle alcoholic fermentation and final acetic acid fermentation. It also appeared that activities brought about by micro-organisms of early phase helped the activities of the micro-organisms in each of the later phases (Atputharajah et al., 1986) Changes in mineral composition by natural fermentation: Mineral composition of coconut inflorescence sap and their changes during natural fermentation were given in the table 2. Potassium (177.66 mg/100 mL-1) was the major mineral nutrient present in the fresh sap followed by sodium, which was about 103.92 mg 100 mL-1. In the present study, there was no significant differences were found for the changes in potassium and sodium content in the fresh sap and fermented sap. Soluble phosphorus content in the fresh sap was 2.16 mg 100 mL-1.There was significant differences were found for the soluble phosphorus content in the sap upon fermentation. The soluble phosphorus content was found to increase to 6.41 mg 100 mL-1 at the end of 4th hr due to microbial fermentation, which increases the solubility of the phosphorus. Earlier studies, Lopez et al. (2001) found thatlactic acid bacteria present in sourdough enhanced acidification, leading to increased magnesium and phosphorus solubility. Freshly collected coconut sap was rich in micro-minerals like iron (68.55  µg 100 mL-1), copper (32.75  µg 100 mL-1) and zinc (15.60  µg 100 mL-1). Once the fermentation starts, the level of micro-minerals present in the sap starts declining and the changes was significant. There was a significant negative correlation found between time and all micro-minerals studied (r= -0.948, -0.930 and -0.890 for iron, copper and zinc, respectively, with time). Microorganisms require several micronutrients like manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel and copper are available in nature, have many roles in the cells as a part of enzymes, cofactors that make to catalysis of reaction and maintenance of protein structure. This leads to reduction in available micro-mineral contents in the sap during fermentation. Conclusion The biochemical studies revealed that the freshly collected coconut inflorescence sap was rich in biochemicals such as sugar, protein, free amino acids and mineral nutrients such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, copper and zinc. Due to natural fermentation there was a drastic change in the above said nutrients except sodium and potassium. In most cases, the natural fermentation reduces the available nutrients in the sap and make the sap sour to taste. Thus, there is a need to find out suitable methods to prevent the natural fermentation of coconut sap without affecting its nutritional quality and make it as a delicious health drink. Table 1. Changes in pH and biochemical composition in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation Table 2. Changes in mineral constituents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation Table 3. Linear correlation (r) between the biochemical parameters and minerals studied in coconut inflorescence sap due to natural fermentation TS – total sugar; RS – Reducing sugar; AA – amino acids * indicates significant at P=0.05 Figure 1. Changes in pH, total sugar and reducing sugar contents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Figure 2. Changes in protein and free amino acids content in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Figure 3. Changes in sodium, potassium and phosphorus contents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Figure 4. Changes in iron, copper and zinc contents in coconut inflorescence sap due to fermentation. The results are representative of three replicates and values are expressed as mean  ± SD. Acknowledgement References J Agric Food Chem.2001 May;49(5):2657-62. Prolonged fermentation of whole wheat sourdough reduces phytate level and increases soluble magnesium. Lopez HW1,Krespine V,Guy C,Messager A,Demigne C,Remesy C. Jaqueline Fontes Moreau Cruz, Paula Bacelar Leite, Sergio Eduardo Soares and Eliete da Silva Bispo. Assessment of the fermentative process from different cocoa cultivars produced in Southern Bahia, Brazil Vol. 12(33), pp. 5218-5225, 14 August, 2013 Colorimetric Determination of Phosphorus as Molybdivanadophosphoric Acid R E. Kitson,M G. Mellon Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed.,1944,16(6), pp 379–383

The Marriage Of John And Jaqueline Kennedy Essay -- essays research pa

The Marriage of John and Jacqueline Kennedy. THESIS: Although the relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love, their marriage was filled with tragedy, shame, and change. I. The relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. They met at a dinner party thrown by Charles and Martha Bartlett.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Their marriage was called â€Å"the wedding of the year.† II. Their marriage had many tragedies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Although three children survived birth, Jackie had many unsuccessful   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pregnancies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas while riding in a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   motorcade. III. Their marriage was filled with shame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Jack had an irresistible urge to women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Jack had innumerable conversations with a Judith Campbell, a woman with   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mob connections. IV. Their marriage was filled with change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Life was different for the Kennedy’s in the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Jackie did a complete renovation of the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Life changed drastically for Jackie after the assassination of her   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love, their marriage was filled with tragedy, shame and change. The life of the first family is highly publicized but many of the happenings of the Kennedy family were not meant to be up for public scrutiny. During the time that Kennedy was in office there were many political as well as personal events that went on in his life. Love, tragedy, shame, and change were just some of the feelings and occurrences that went on inside the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacqueline began her journalism career working for the Washington Times-Herald where she was soon promoted to â€Å"Inquiring Cameragirl.† This was how she first got to talk to Senator John F. Kennedy. She interviewed him for her column a few times and attended a ... ... Publishers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1997. Anthony, Carl Sferrazza. First Ladies Volume II The Saga of the President’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wives and Their Power 1961-1990. New York: William Morrow and Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inc.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1991.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Davis, John H. Jacqueline Bouvier An Intimate Memoir. New York: John Wiley and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sons, Inc., 1996. Davis, John H. The Bouviers From Waterloo to the Kennedys and Beyond.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington DC: National Press Books, 1993. Donald, Aida Dipace. â€Å"Kennedy, John F. Assassination.† Dictionary of American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History. 1976 ed. Encyclopedia Americana: John F. Kennedy. Frank B. Freidel, Jr. (1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.grolier.com/presidents/ea/bios/35pkenn.html. Heymann, David C. A Woman Named Jackie. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publishing group, 1994. â€Å"Kennedy, John Fitzgerald.† Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1998 ed. Mills, Judie. John F. Kennedy. New York: Franklin Watts, 1962. Watney, Hedda Lyons. Jackie O. New York: Leisure Books, 1994.